Theorists of MANAGEMENT science divide it into four types: Classical, neoclassical, systematic and CONTINGENCY.To day's MANAGEMENT is situation and CONTINGENCY oriented; that s, it tries to adjust MANAGEMENT strategies according to situational unique requirements and choose specific strategies in special occasions.Theorists of CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT reject fundamentalism which says MANAGEMENT prinaples are the same all over the world – and believe manager's performance is affected by situation. According to the prinaples of this theory, the desirability of MANAGEMENT strategies depends on situation, may be inappropriate in another. Therefore, this theory is also called "situational attitude."This study investigates Ferdowsi's MANAGEMENT attitudes and comes to this conclusion that he has possessed the specific skills of a modern manager. He is familiar with the latest principles of this science and tries actively to employ the best decisions according to existing conditions, Having complete command on dominant conditions, he motivates people according to their needs and different and appropriate decisions in conditions appeared to be similar. His outstanding, unique attitudes and top, CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT can inspire today's managers significantly.

Designing the CONTINGENCY model of human resources MANAGEMENT strategies using the strategic reference points of Stewart and Brown (2019) at the Export Development Bank of Iran is the purpose of this research. The present study is descriptive survey. The validity of the research was determined by experts' opinion and its reliability was 0. 76 with Cronbach's alpha. In the first stage, the fuzzy method was used to design the model, In the second stage, the model was tested with 181 statistical population according to the Morgan table. The results of the Structural equations modeling test using Lisrel software, while confirming the theoretical, showed the experimental compatibility of the model. Finally in the third stage the gap between the status quo and the desired status of quadruple strategies was determined by the t-student test. According to the findings, the Bank's strategy did not fit in both the dimensions of differentiation and cost leadership as well as the employment of the foreign labor market. However, the maintenance of current personnel was confirmed. The HR practices in the whole bank coincided with loyal soldier strategy, but HR practices in the International-Credit Units aligned with committed expert and loyal soldier strategy. Finally, it is concluded that, Depending on the various units, it is necessary to establish a complete alignment of strategies. Developing distinct services, reducing costs, training Personnel for all units, however, for the headquarters, outsourcing contracts should also be considered.

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of quality MANAGEMENT (QM) in theory and practice using a CONTINGENCY theory perspective. This research focuses on the role of QM in improving strategic collaboration in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using CONTINGENCY theory to apply best practices. Inductive theory forms the basis of the research methodology, which includes case study analysis of five SMEs with repeated interviews (n = 45), focus groups (n = 5), and evidence analysis. According to the research findings, it was found that CONTINGENCY variables (strategy, culture, life cycle, and customer focus) and their related types interacted with QM practices and were effective in shaping strategic collaboration between SMEs and their surrounding environment. This process, which is based on CONTINGENCY methods, occurs uniquely in each SME and its respective environment compared to the overall best practices.

CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT claims that there is nothing as the best universal principle in MANAGEMENT. Considering the outcomes of the CONTINGENCY approach, its epistemology must be analyzed from the perspective of the Quran using the interrogative/ cross-examination [istintaqi] method to express the propositions of the revelatory word in rejecting, confirming, correcting, and completing the epistemology of CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT as we can eliminate its epistemological shortcomings relying on them. The research findings indicate that epistemology in CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT is based on objective and sensory knowledge and ignores supernatural causes and factors in explaining natural propositions. The Quran, while pointing to the shortcomings of CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT, considers the subject of knowing God, human-being, nature, and understanding how they are interdependent, and emphasizes that human-being and the environment affect and influence each other visibly and invisibly, and the, refore human-being must take his/her advantage using networking tools by combining a horizontal view of the relationship between phenomena and a vertical and longitudinal view and their relationship with their creator. The results indicate that the Quran, in addition to reason and empirical findings, emphasizes that the best methods that lead to greater efficiency cannot be presented without revelation.

Introduction: In this study, the effectiveness of CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT and cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of patients with opiate dependence receiving naltrexone maintenance treatment, was evaluated.Method: Patients with opiate dependence between ages 20 to 49 who were receiving naltrexone maintenance treatment (n=90) were randomly assigned for 16 weeks to one of three conditions: naltrexone alone, naltrexone with CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT, and naltrexone with cognitive behavioral therapy. Patients were evaluated with Addiction severity Index before the beginning of treatment interventions. The three groups were again evaluated after the interventions, using the same checklist. The results were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey follow-up test. Results: Significant differences were found among the three groups with regard to Addiction Severity Index scores, attrition and compliance. The resultant significant statistical differences indicate the effectiveness of CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT and cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches in treatment of opiate dependence.Conclusion: CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENT has an early effect on lowering drug abuse, but its effects are reduced after treatment. The effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy remain until months after the cessation of treatment.

A contingent contract, according to the different definitions of different legal systems is a contract which it's effects (direct or indirect) depend upon uncertain events. The contingent contract is different from contract by chance (chance bargain). by considering varies examples of contingent contracts in different legal systems, We see varies classifications of contingent contracts. In some of this kind of contracts the obligation of one party depends upon uncertain events, For examples, insurance contracts or contracts for life annuity. In some kind of contracts, obligation or things which the parties have to bring is fix, But, After the performance of the contract, the final effect of the contract depends upon uncertain events. For example, some kinds of partnership like a contract between the owner of a land and the farmer to cultivate and divide the product and so on. The quality of some kind of goods, such as growing agricultural products or other future goods which will grow and will be existence in future, The sale of these kind of goods also, should be a contingent sale of goods.